Short answers, pulled from the story.
The ancient city of Mahasthangarh emerged as a significant settlement during the Iron Age period by the eleventh century BCE. Archaeological evidence shows that rice-cultivating communities dotted the region during the second millennium BCE.
A prince from Bengal named Vijaya founded the first kingdom in Sri Lanka. The namesake of Bengal is the ancient Vanga Kingdom which was reputed as a naval power with overseas colonies.
In 1204, the Ghurid general Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji began the Islamic conquest of Bengal. The fall of Lakhnauti was recounted by historians circa 1243 and marked the overthrow of the Sena king.
About 200,000 people were killed in Bengal by the Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 in the Barisal region. This event occurred long before the partition of Bengal on the 3rd of June 1947.
Cox's Bazar in southeastern Bangladesh has an unbroken length of 120 kilometers making it the longest natural sea beach in the world. The Sundarbans largest mangrove forest in the world was declared endangered in 1997.