Short answers, pulled from the story.
In the fourteenth century, mattresses were stuffed with hay and broom straws. These primitive beds were often shared by multiple family members and servants. The common person was considered fortunate if they could afford to purchase a mattress after seven years of marriage.
The first coil spring mattress was invented in 1871. Cotton and wool started to become more common in the eighteenth century before this invention. Before 1871, sleepers endured the hard, scratchy textures of earlier materials.
Before modern plumbing, the bedroom was the primary site for personal hygiene. It often contained a chamber pot kept under the bed or in a nightstand. Larger Victorian houses included a boudoir for the lady and a dressing room for the gentleman.
In Japan, the notion of having a bedroom is much less important than in the West. Each evening, the Japanese unroll their futon directly on their tatami mats and put them away in the oshiire in the morning. Western-style bedrooms gained traction in new constructions in the second half of the twentieth century.
Capsule hotels have spread to areas such as Singapore and Taiwan. These hotels consist of stacks of individual rooms so cramped they hardly allow one to do more than lie down and sleep. They offer a stark contrast to the spacious master bedrooms found in North America.