Short answers, pulled from the story.
The foundational social contract of the Bedouin people is the phrase I am against my brother, my brother and I are against my cousin, my cousin and I are against the stranger. This hierarchy of loyalty extends from the self to the entire genetic group and defines a system where justice and order are dispensed through self-help and collective responsibility rather than a central government.
Camels were regarded as a gift from God and served as the main food source and method of transportation for many Bedouins. These animals provided meat, dairy products, and wool, forming the staple diet of the Bedouins while their extraordinary milking potentials made them indispensable to survival under harsh desert conditions.
Oral poetry known as nabati poetry was the most popular art form among Bedouins and served as a means of conveying information and social control. The poet's role was to maintain the honor codes of the Bedouin ensuring that the tribe's reputation remained intact through the recitation of verses that could elevate or destroy a family's standing.
A plunder and massacre of the Hajj caravan occurred in 1757 led by Qa'dan al-Fayez of the Bani Sakher tribe in modern-day Jordan resulting in the death of an estimated 20,000 pilgrims. This event represented the peak of such attacks and was likely prompted by the major drought of 1756 serving as Qa'dan al-Fayez's vengeance against the Ottomans for failing to pay his tribe for their help protecting the pilgrims.
Prior to the 1948 Israeli Declaration of Independence an estimated 65,000 to 90,000 Bedouins lived in the Negev desert but after 1948 only 15,000 Bedouin remained. As of 2020 there are 210,000 Bedouins in Israel with 150,000 in the Negev 50,000 in Galilee and the Jezreel Valley and 10,000 in the central region of Israel all of whom were granted citizenship in 1954.
The arrival of the Banu Hilal followed by the Banu Sulaym in the 12th century broke the balance between nomads and sedentary populations in favor of the nomads. The lands ravaged by Banu Hilal invaders had become desertified and turned into completely arid desert according to Ibn Khaldun while the tribes heavily transformed the culture of the Maghreb into Arab culture and spread nomadism in areas where agriculture was previously dominant.