Short answers, pulled from the story.
The town changed hands no fewer than eight times that day while French casualties reached about 6,000 to 8,000 men and Russian losses totaled about 8,000 men. General Raevsky arrived with 10,000 more Russian troops to reinforce the attack but they failed to secure the bridgehead itself.
Marshal Kutuzov retired his army southwards behind the rivulet of Koricza to secure the road to Kaluga because he believed total destruction of Napoleon might not benefit the world. His strategic choice allowed Napoleon to face starvation on the northern route instead of continuing toward Moscow.
Wilson estimated the army leaving Moscow contained 90,000 effective infantrymen accompanied by another 14,000 feeble cavalrymen. More than 20,000 non-combatants including sick and wounded followed the fighting units on the road.
Historical assessments view Maloyaroslavets as the turning point in the invasion where Napoleon's fatal march through Mozhaisk led to starvation and defeat along the northern route. The main French and Italian forces won a tactical victory but failed strategically while Long-term results became a Russian strategic victory.
The last battle in this campaign for Napoleon happened between the 26th and the 29th of November 1812 when the Grand Army faced near destruction. This engagement occurred after the Battle of Krasnoi began on the 15th of November 1812 three weeks later.