Short answers, pulled from the story.
Napoleon Bonaparte established the Bank of France on the 14th of April 1803. The institution received its first official charter granting exclusive rights to issue paper money in Paris for fifteen years.
Jean-Frédéric Perregaux, Claude Perier, and Emmanuel Crétet were among the powerful bankers who orchestrated the rise of Napoleon and the bank. Jean-Barthélemy Le Couteulx de Canteleu and Jacques-Rose Récamier were shareholders representing the financial elite known as the Haute banque.
During World War II, the Bank oversaw the transfer of gold reserves overseas to Canada, the United States, and French territories. Charles de Gaulle nationalized the Bank in 1945 making it a state-owned institution where existing shareholders received bonds replacing their shares.
Under Governor Émile Moreau from 1926 to 1930, the Bank consolidated reserves and created a stabilization insurance fund known as fonds de stabilisation. The institution reached its peak holding 28.3 percent of the world's gold stock while only the United States held more at 30.4 percent.
The European Central Bank was created on the 1st of June 1998 to steer single monetary policy for the euro. The French franc was replaced by virtual currency on the 1st of January 1999 before coins and banknotes fully replaced paper money on the 1st of March 2002.