Short answers, pulled from the story.
Babur, born Zahir ud-Din Muhammad on the 14th of February 1483 in Andijan in the Fergana Valley, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of both Timur through his father and Genghis Khan through his mother, and he defeated Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526 to establish Mughal rule in northern India.
The First Battle of Panipat, fought on the 21st of April 1526, was the decisive engagement in which Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi, Sultan of Delhi, whose army numbered roughly 100,000 soldiers and 1,000 elephants. Babur used the Tulugma encirclement tactic, lashed 700 baggage carts together as a barricade for his matchlock men and field guns, and had his Ottoman artillery directed by master-gunners Ustad Ali Quli and Mustafa Rumi. Ibrahim Lodi died in the battle, ending the Lodi dynasty.
The Baburnama is the autobiography of Babur, written in Chagatai Turkic, the language he called Turki. It is regarded as one of the earliest true autobiographies in Islamic literature, documenting his campaigns, failures, and personal reflections with unusual candor. It was translated into Persian by Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan in November 1589 during the reign of Babur's grandson Akbar.
After the Battle of Panipat in 1526, Babur occupied Delhi, Gwalior, and Agra and defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar at the Battle of Khanwa on the 16th of March 1527. He also won the Battle of Chanderi in January 1528 and the Battle of Ghaghra in May 1529, extending Mughal control across the Gangetic plain. He died in Agra in 1530 and was succeeded by his son Humayun.
Babur was initially buried at Chauburji in Agra after his death in 1530. As per his wishes, his remains were later moved to Kabul and reburied in the Bagh-e Babur, a garden in Kabul, sometime between 1539 and 1544. The Bagh-e Babur was one of the garden projects associated with him.
The Babri Masjid was a mosque built at Ayodhya by Babur's officer Mir Baqi, dated 1528-29, on a site venerated by many Hindus as the birthplace of the deity Rama. It incorporated carved black-stone columns from an earlier temple. In December 1992, activists of the Vishva Hindu Parishad and the Bharatiya Janata Party demolished it, triggering communal rioting in which more than a thousand people were killed.