Short answers, pulled from the story.
Benjamin Olinde Rodrigues published the essay titled The Artist, the Scientist, and the Industrialist in 1825. He used the French military term avant-garde to describe a moral obligation for artists.
Dada emerged between 1915 and the 1920s as a direct response to the chaos of World War I. Marcel Duchamp submitted his sculpture Fountain to an exhibition in 1917 to disrupt traditional definitions of art.
Renato Poggioli published The Theory of the Avant-Garde in 1962 to analyze artistic vanguardism across history. He examined social, psychological, and philosophical aspects shared by bohemian artists.
Ezra Pound, Wyndham Lewis, and F.T Marinetti formed alliances with Fascism and Nazism during the 20th century. Italian futurist F.T Marinetti specifically aligned his movement with fascist ideology while American poet Ezra Pound supported similar political agendas.
Guy Debord published The Society of the Spectacle in 1967 to critique financial co-optation of avant-garde efforts. This work addressed how capitalist culture produces artificial culture for mass consumption.