Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Austro-Hungarian Army, also known as the Imperial and Royal Army, was the principal ground force of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. It consisted of three components: the Common Army, the Imperial-Royal Landwehr, and the Royal Hungarian Honved.
In July 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Army counted 36,000 officers, 414,000 non-commissioned officers and troops, approximately 120,000 horses, and 1,200 artillery pieces. After war was declared, 3.35 million men gathered for action including reserves and 1914 recruits.
The army contained soldiers from at least ten ethnic groups, including Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Poles, Ruthenians, Croats, Romanians, Slovaks, Slovenes, and Italians. To aid communication, the army developed a simplified language called Army Slavic, based primarily on Czech, though nearly all upper-rank officers spoke Austrian German.
Yes. Austria-Hungary stood almost alone among the major European powers in regularly promoting Jews to positions of command. In 1896, out of every 1,000 officers, 84 were Jewish, and Jews made up nearly 18% of the reserve officer corps, far above their approximately 4.4% share of the empire's population.
Austria-Hungary conscripted only 0.29% of its population annually, compared to 0.47% in Germany and 0.75% in France, because the army size was tied to ceilings set by the 1889 army law that was not revised until 1912. The governments of the Austrian and Hungarian parts of the empire often funded their own separate forces rather than equipping the joint Common Army, leaving it poorly trained and with limited access to new equipment.
The last known surviving member was Franz Kunstler, who died in Bad Mergentheim in May 2008 at the age of 107.