Short answers, pulled from the story.
Austen Chamberlain was born on the 16th of October 1863 in Birmingham. He entered the world as the second child and eldest son of Joseph Chamberlain, a rising industrialist who would later become Mayor of Birmingham.
Austen Chamberlain was first elected to parliament as a member of his father's own Liberal Unionist Party in 1892 sitting for the seat of East Worcestershire. He was returned unopposed on the 30th of March following the dissolution of parliament and the 1892 general election that August.
Austen Chamberlain resigned his post in July 1917 after an inquiry into the failure of the Mesopotamian campaign undertaken by the separately-administered Indian Army in 1915 included the loss of the British garrison during the Siege of Kut. As the minister ultimately responsible the fault lay with him and he was widely acclaimed for such a principled act.
Chamberlain's reputation chiefly rests on his part in the negotiations over what came to be known as the Locarno Pact of 1925. Together with Aristide Briand of France and German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann they met at the town of Locarno in October 1925 and signed a mutual agreement together with representatives from Belgium and Italy to settle all differences between the nations by arbitration not war.
From 1934 to 1937 Chamberlain was with Winston Churchill Roger Keyes and Leo Amery the most prominent voice calling for British rearmament in the face of a growing threat from Nazi Germany. He became chairman of two Conservative parliamentary delegations in late 1936 that met with Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin to remonstrate with him about his government's delay in rearming the British defence forces.