Short answers, pulled from the story.
Augustus, born Gaius Octavius and also known as Octavian, was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He was the great-nephew and adopted heir of Julius Caesar, and his reign began the Pax Romana, an era largely free of armed conflict.
Augustus rose to power after Julius Caesar named him primary heir in 44 BC, then formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Marcus Lepidus in 43 BC. He defeated Caesar's assassins at Philippi in 42 BC, exiled Lepidus in 36 BC, and beat Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. In 27 BC the Senate granted him the title augustus.
The Senate granted Octavian the title augustus on the 16th of January 27 BC, a name meaning the revered that carried religious rather than political authority and suggested he approached divinity. He chose it over the alternative title Romulus, which was tied too strongly to monarchy. Future emperors inherited augustus as their main title.
Augustus died on the 19th of August AD 14 at Nola, at age 75, from natural causes. Both Tacitus and Cassius Dio claimed his wife Livia poisoned him with a fig, but most historians dismiss this as a fabrication meant to discredit her son Tiberius. His reported last words were, "Have I played the part well? Then applaud as I exit."
At the Battle of Actium on the 2nd of September 31 BC, Augustus's forces under his commander Agrippa defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra off western Greece. Cleopatra withdrew her fleet early in the battle and Antony followed her, and their land forces later surrendered. The victory left Augustus as the sole ruler of the Roman world.
Augustus established a standing professional army fixed at 28 legions of about 170,000 soldiers, the Praetorian Guard in 27 BC, and the vigiles, a combined fire brigade and police force, in AD 6. He also reformed taxation and currency, built road networks with an official relay system, and created a military treasury, the aerarium militare, in AD 6.