Short answers, pulled from the story.
Augustin Bon Joseph de Robespierre was the younger brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre and, like him, a French lawyer and politician. He was born on the 21st of January 1763 in Arras and shared his brother's radical political views, though he was strikingly different in personality and temperament.
Augustin was executed because he voluntarily asked to be arrested alongside his brother Maximilien on 9 Thermidor (the 27th of July 1794), declaring "I am as guilty as him; I share his virtues, I want to share his fate." After a failed attempt to organize an insurrection at the Hôtel de Ville, he was identified under the Law of 22 Prairial and sent to the scaffold on Place de la Révolution on the 28th of July 1794.
Augustin Robespierre was an early patron of Napoleon Bonaparte. During his mission to suppress the Federalist revolt in the south in 1793, he came across Napoleon's pamphlet Le souper de Beaucaire and was impressed by its revolutionary content. He used his political influence to help Napoleon gain promotion to the position of senior gunner at Toulon.
Augustin did not win his scholarship independently. His older brother Maximilien had received a scholarship from the Abbey of St. Vaast to study at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand. After graduating, Maximilien asked Cardinal de Rohan, the Abbot, to transfer the scholarship to Augustin so he could follow the same legal career. The Cardinal agreed.
After being refused entry to Prison Saint-Lazare due to the Commune of Paris issuing orders blocking Convention prisoners, Augustin was released and made his way to the Hôtel de Ville, arriving first among the group escorted by two municipal officers. Through the night the group attempted to coordinate an insurrection without success, and in the early morning of 10 Thermidor forces under Paul Barras broke in and seized them.
Trying to avoid capture at the Hôtel de Ville, Augustin removed his shoes and jumped from a ledge. He landed on steps or on bayonets, suffering a pelvic fracture and several serious head contusions. He was carried back to the Committee of General Security and later transported to the Conciergerie prison on a stretcher.