Short answers, pulled from the story.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was born on the 25th of December 1924 in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. He was born into a Kanyakubja Brahmin family and began his political journey as a swayamsevak at the age of 12 years.
In May 1998, Atal Bihari Vajpayee authorized five underground nuclear tests in the Pokhran desert in Rajasthan. These tests occurred 24 years after India's first nuclear test, operation Smiling Buddha in 1974, and transformed India's strategic posture.
The Kargil War began on the 26th of May 1999 when the Indian army launched Operation Vijay to push back Pakistani militants and soldiers. The conflict lasted three months and resulted in the death of over 500 Indian soldiers.
The 2002 Gujarat riots began in February 2002 after a train filled with Hindu pilgrims was set on fire in Godhra, leading to the deaths of 59 people. The violence raged for more than two months, killing more than 1,000 people, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee later admitted mistakes in handling the events.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee was officially declared dead at 5:05 pm IST on the 16th of August 2018 at the age of 93. He had been admitted to AIIMS in critical condition following a kidney infection on the 11th of June 2018.