Short answers, pulled from the story.
The settlement of Assur emerged in 2600 BC as a small agricultural village. Archaeological evidence dates the earliest occupation to this period, though the site might have been called Baltil or Baltila before acquiring its Assyrian name.
Puzur-Ashur I became the first king to rule the city without external oversight after the collapse of the Third Dynasty of Ur in 2025 BC. Under his line, the population numbered less than 10,000 people and the early state possessed no military institutions.
Ashurnasirpal II reigned from 883 to 859 BC and transformed Assyria into the dominant political power in the Near East. He restored the ancient town of Nimrud and designated it as the new capital in 879 BC while marching to the Mediterranean Sea coast.
Assur was sacked in 614 BC and Nineveh fell in 612 BC during the Medo-Babylonian conquest. The last Assyrian ruler Ashur-uballit II tried to rally the army at Harran but was defeated in 609 BC marking the end of the ancient line of kings.
Women in the Old Assyrian period had more or less the same rights as men including the ability to read write freely and inherit property. Their status decreased significantly during the Middle Assyrian period due to laws giving men the right to punish wives as they wished.