Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Football Association was founded on the 26th of October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in London. Representatives from eleven clubs gathered to standardize the rules of football and ban the use of hands and hacking.
The term soccer emerged in the 1870s as a slang abbreviation for association coined by Oxford students. It was created to distinguish association football from the rougher rugby code after Blackheath walked out of the Football Association meeting.
The earliest documented evidence comes from the Han dynasty in China where a game called cuju was played as early as the 3rd century BCE. Players kicked a leather ball stuffed with feathers through a small silk net suspended between bamboo poles.
The FIFA World Cup was inaugurated in 1930 in Uruguay and featured only thirteen teams. The tournament has been held every four years since with the exception of the 1942 and 1946 editions cancelled due to World War II.
The Football Association banned women from playing on association members' pitches in 1921 stating that the game was unsuitable for females. This ban lasted until 1971 and was likely motivated by envy of the large crowds and lack of control over the money generated by women's matches.
The pitch is rectangular with dimensions ranging from 100 to 110 meters in length and 64 to 75 meters in width for international matches. A standard match consists of two 45-minute halves with a 15-minute half-time break.