Short answers, pulled from the story.
Arthur Conan Doyle was born on the 22nd of May 1859 at 11 Picardy Place in Edinburgh, Scotland. He grew up in a fractured household that eventually settled in squalid tenement flats at 3 Sciennes Place after his parents separated in 1864.
Arthur Conan Doyle studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School between 1876 and 1881 and served as a ship's surgeon on the Greenland whaler Hope in 1880. He later set up a practice in Portsmouth in 1882 which failed, leaving him with ample time to write fiction including the Sherlock Holmes stories.
Arthur Conan Doyle killed off Sherlock Holmes in the story The Final Problem in December 1893 because he felt the detective was consuming his mind and preventing him from writing historical novels. The public outcry was so intense that he was forced to bring the detective back to life in 1901 with The Hound of the Baskervilles.
Arthur Conan Doyle received a knighthood from King Edward VII on the 24th of October 1902 for his writings on the Second Boer War. He stood for Parliament twice as a Liberal Unionist in 1900 and 1906 but was never elected and served as a Deputy-Lieutenant of Surrey.
Arthur Conan Doyle declared himself a spiritualist in 1887 and published The Coming of the Fairies in 1922 to defend the authenticity of the Cottingley Fairies photographs. He remained convinced the phenomena were real despite evidence of fraud and led 84 members of the Society for Psychical Research to resign in protest.
Arthur Conan Doyle died on the 7th of July 1930 at Windlesham Manor in Crowborough, Sussex. He was first buried in the Windlesham rose garden but was later reinterred with his wife in Minstead churchyard in the New Forest, Hampshire.