Short answers, pulled from the story.
The Art Deco style originated in Paris around 1910 with buildings like the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées. It drew influence from Fauvism, Ballets Russes, and Cubism which simplified forms to geometric essentials between 1907 and 1912.
The International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts took place from April to October 1925 in Paris and marked the zenith of the style. The term Art Deco came into use after this exhibition though it did not appear in print until 1966 when historian Bevis Hillier published his first major academic book on the subject.
Three iconic skyscrapers completed between 1930 and 1933 changed the New York City skyline including the Chrysler Building by William Van Alen and the Empire State Building by William F. Lamb. Rockefeller Center added a new design element with several tall buildings grouped around an open plaza containing a fountain in the middle.
Art Deco became more subdued during the Great Depression reaching Europe shortly after beginning in United States in 1929. After World War II dominant architectural style became International Style pioneered by Le Corbusier Mies van der Rohe and the style largely vanished except for industrial design automobile styling products jukeboxes.
The largest concentration of Art Deco architecture in world is Miami Beach Florida where a handful of hotels were built after World War II. This area preserves many examples that survived when the style largely vanished elsewhere following the war.