Short answers, pulled from the story.
Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen was an Austrian field marshal born on the 5th of September 1771 in Florence, the third son of Emperor Leopold II. He was considered one of Napoleon's most formidable opponents and is credited with inflicting Napoleon's first major defeat at the Battle of Aspern-Essling in 1809. Arthur Wellesley named him the greatest general of his time.
Archduke Charles's victory at the Battle of Aspern-Essling in 1809 is considered his most significant achievement, as it was Napoleon's first major defeat in a pitched battle. His 1796 Rhine campaign, in which he defeated both Jourdan at Amberg, Würzburg, and Limburg and Moreau at Emmendingen and Schliengen, was described by the Encyclopaedia Britannica Eleventh Edition as almost faultless.
From 1806, as Commander in Chief and Head of the Council of War, Archduke Charles replaced eighteenth-century methods with the nation-in-arms principle and adopted French war organisation and tactics. He also restructured the army's staff system into three branches covering political correspondence, operational planning and intelligence, and administration and supply.
Carl von Clausewitz criticised Archduke Charles for rigidity and adherence to a geographical strategy that valued the holding of strategic points over the destruction of enemy armies. Clausewitz's reproach was that Charles attached more value to ground than to the annihilation of the foe, a charge his own editor could mount only a feeble defence against.
Archduke Charles was epileptic throughout his life and career. Despite the condition, he earned wide respect both as a battlefield commander and as a reformer of the Austrian Army.
Archduke Charles is buried in tomb 122 in the New Vault of the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, where he died on the 30th of April 1847. An equestrian statue was erected on the Heldenplatz in Vienna in 1860 in his memory.