Short answers, pulled from the story.
Apple Corps v Apple Computer refers to a series of trademark disputes between 1978 and 2007 over the shared use of the name Apple and matching apple logos. Apple Corps was the Beatles' record label holding company, and Apple Computer later became Apple Inc.
Apple paid Apple Corps in three separate settlements: $80,000 in 1978, roughly $26.5 million in 1991, and $500 million in 2007, when Apple Inc. acquired all the trademarks related to Apple.
The dispute was finally resolved on the 5th of February 2007, when Apple Inc. and Apple Corps announced a settlement giving Apple Inc. ownership of all Apple-related trademarks, with some licensed back to Apple Corps.
In September 2003, Apple Corps sued Apple Computer for breach of contract, arguing that using the Apple logo on the iTunes Music Store broke their 1991 settlement agreement. The court ruled in favor of Apple Computer on the 8th of May 2006.
Sosumi was a system alert sound created by Apple Computer employee Jim Reekes for the System 7 update, renamed from Chimes after company lawyers worried the original name was too musical during the 1989 lawsuit. Spoken aloud, Sosumi reads as so sue me, and Mac OS 7 shipped in 1991, the same year that lawsuit was settled.
Guy Goma was a job applicant who was mistaken for computing expert Guy Kewney and put live on BBC News 24 air, an incident that coincided with the 8th of May 2006 ruling in Apple Corps v Apple Computer.