Antoninus Liberalis was an Ancient Greek mythographer who probably flourished in the late 2nd or early 3rd century CE. He is known as the author of the Metamorphoses, a prose collection of forty-one mythological transformation tales.
What is the Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis?
The Metamorphoses (Μεταμορφώσεων Συναγωγή) is a collection of forty-one briefly summarised prose tales about mythical transformations of humans, heroes, and nymphs into plants, animals, springs, rocks, and stars. Many of the transformations in the work are not attested in any other ancient source.
Where is the manuscript of Antoninus Liberalis's Metamorphoses held today?
The single surviving manuscript, dating from the late 9th century, is now held in the Palatine Library in Heidelberg. It was brought from Constantinople to Basel around 1437 by John of Ragusa, passed through the Dominican monastery at Basel, the University of Basel, and the Vatican, before being restored to Heidelberg in 1816 under the terms of the Congress of Vienna.
When was the Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis first printed?
The text was first printed in Basel in 1568 by Guilielmus Xylander. Because three leaves subsequently disappeared from the manuscript, Xylander's edition is now the only authority for those passages.
What were the main sources Antoninus Liberalis used for his Metamorphoses?
Where his sources can be traced, they are Hellenistic works, principally Nicander's Heteroeumena and the Ornithogonia attributed to Boios. Both of those source texts are themselves largely lost, making Antoninus a key indirect witness to those traditions.
How does the Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis compare to Ovid's Metamorphoses?
Ovid's Metamorphoses is a polished Latin verse epic and one of the most celebrated poems of antiquity; Antoninus's work is a laconic, conversational prose compilation described by scholar Sarah Myers as "completely inartistic." The two works share a genre and a title but differ sharply in style, and Antoninus often preserves transformation myths that Ovid never recorded.