Short answers, pulled from the story.
The dog is recognized as the first wild animal to be domesticated, with the process beginning when young individuals were tolerated as scavengers and killers of vermin. These half-wild dogs naturally functioned as pack hunters predisposed to join human packs.
Pigs were domesticated in the Near East between 8500 BC and 8000 BC while sheep and goats appeared near the Fertile Crescent about 8500 BC. Cattle from wild aurochs emerged in areas of modern Turkey and Pakistan around 8500 BC.
Robert Bakewell established selective breeding for desired traits as a scientific practice during the British Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century. He developed breeds such as the Lincoln Longwool and the New or Dishley Leicester through careful selection of native stock.
Animal husbandry drives climate change ocean acidification and biodiversity loss by occupying about a third of Earth's ice-free land. Livestock production is responsible for 65% of all human-related emissions of nitrous oxide and accounts for up to 91% of deforestation in the Amazon region.
Animals are susceptible to specific diseases like classical swine fever scrapie foot-and-mouth disease and sea lice affecting farmed salmon in Scotland. Vaccines are available against certain diseases while antibiotics are widely used where appropriate though routine addition to foodstuffs is now frowned on due to antimicrobial resistance risks.