Short answers, pulled from the story.
King Henry VIII became the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1534 when the English Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy. This law ended centuries of papal authority over English ecclesiastical matters and was driven by Henry's need to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon.
Queen Elizabeth I revived the Church of England through the Elizabethan Religious Settlement on the 2nd of May 1559. This event established a uniform faith and practice combining elements of the 1552 prayer book with the conservative 1549 prayer book into the 1559 Book of Common Prayer.
As of 2020, there are 63,556,000 adherents of Anglicanism in sub-Saharan Africa where the global center shifted that year. Europe held 24,400,000 adherents while Oceania contained 4,565,000 and Northern America had 2,689,000 during this period.
Richard Hooker published his eight-volume work Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity starting in 1593 to deal comprehensively with church-state relations and biblical interpretation. He described authority as derived primarily from scripture informed by reason and tradition rather than papal decree.
The original Book of Common Prayer appeared in 1549 revised in 1552 and again in 1662 to replace various Latin rites with a single compact volume in English. This version became mandatory in England and Wales by the Act of Uniformity until the mid-20th century after being suppressed under Queen Mary I.