Short answers, pulled from the story.
André Gide received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1947. The prize was awarded for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, recognized for presenting human problems and conditions with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight.
Gide published Retour de L'U.R.S.S. in 1936 after touring the Soviet Union as a guest of the Soviet Union of Writers. He documented the suppression of culture and individual identity under Stalin, and followed it with Afterthoughts on the U.S.S.R. in 1937, arguing that the dictatorship of the proletariat had become the personal dictatorship of Stalin.
Gide was blocked from nomination to the Académie Française after he publicly defended homosexuality in the 1924 edition of Corydon. The condemnation he received was severe enough to end any prospect of membership.
Gide befriended Oscar Wilde in Paris, where Wilde was living in exile, and the two met again in Algiers in 1895. Wilde mistakenly believed he had introduced Gide to homosexuality, but Gide had already accepted his own sexual identity before their meeting.
After traveling through French Equatorial Africa from July 1926 to May 1927, Gide published Travels in the Congo and Return from Chad. He criticized the Large Concessions regime, describing how native workers were forced to collect rubber for French companies under conditions he compared to slavery.
Gide considered Corydon his most important work. Published in its public edition in 1924, it included a defense of pederasty and triggered the widespread condemnation that prevented his nomination to the Académie Française.