Short answers, pulled from the story.
Monte Testaccio is a large waste mound in Rome composed almost entirely of broken amphorae, the ceramic containers used to transport and store liquids. Most of the amphorae in the mound held Spanish olive oil, which was unloaded at a nearby dock and served as the main fuel for lighting as well as for cooking and bathing.
Terra sigillata is a Roman red-gloss ware used as fine tableware from the 1st century BC to the late 2nd century AD. It was made by throwing bowls whose interiors were stamped with decorative motifs in intaglio, firing the mould, then shaping the final vessel inside it. The finished piece was coated in a slip that fired to a glossy surface ranging from light orange to bright red.
Roman fine wares traveled across and beyond the entire empire. Sherds from the production site at La Graufesenque in southern Gaul have been found as far afield as India, Sudan, and Scotland. African Red Slip ware, made in the province of Africa Proconsularis, reached Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries.
The mortarium was a robust shallow bowl with a roughened interior surface used with a pestle to puree and pulverize herbs and spices for Roman dishes. It was an indicator of Roman culinary culture; mortaria were being imported into Britain from Gaulish sources more than a generation before Britain became a Roman province in AD 43.
Heinrich Dressel was a German scholar who, following the discovery of an exceptional amphora deposit at Castro Pretorio in Rome in the late 1800s, collected nearly 200 inscriptions from the vessels and produced the first systematic classification of amphora types. His Dressel table is still used today as the standard reference for many amphora forms.
Campana reliefs are terracotta plaques, typically 22-50 cm high and 27-48 cm wide, featuring mythological scenes that were set into the walls of public and private buildings as friezes. Developed from about 50 BC, they were used almost exclusively in the region between Tuscany and Campania and disappeared after the middle of the 2nd century AD. They are named after the 19th-century Italian scholar Giampietro Campana, who first studied them.