Short answers, pulled from the story.
The first words ever written appeared in Uruk around 3400 BC. A Sumerian scribe pressed a reed stylus into a soft clay tablet to record grain rations, marking the transition from prehistory to history.
King Sargon of Akkad created the world's first multi-ethnic empire between 2330 and 2150 BC. He conquered the city-states of Sumer and Akkad to establish this empire.
Ancient Egypt began its unification around 3100 BC under Menes. This event created a society defined by the Nile River's annual flooding.
The Warring States period ended in 213 BC when Qin Shi Huang unified China. Qin Shi Huang was the First Emperor who built the first continuous Great Wall and standardized weights, measures, and writing.
The Roman Empire began to decline in the 5th century AD. The collapse of the empire in the West occurred in 476, marking the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages.