Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ancient Greek art is divided into four stylistic periods: the Geometric (dated from about 1000 BC), the Archaic (emerging in the 7th century BC), the Classical (beginning around 500 BC), and the Hellenistic (following the reign of Alexander the Great from 336 to 323 BC). Each period is distinguished by distinct approaches to form, subject matter, and artistic convention.
Apelles of Kos was considered the greatest of all ancient Greek painters. Pliny the Elder wrote that Apelles had surpassed all the painters who either preceded or succeeded him. None of his panel paintings survive; the materials they were made on, wood boards painted in encaustic wax or tempera, were perishable and did not last into the modern era.
Both colossal chryselephantine statues, made of gold and ivory under the direction of Phidias, were seized by emperors during the Byzantine period and removed to Constantinople. They were later destroyed in fires there. Smaller copies in other materials and ancient written descriptions of both works survive.
The Vix Krater is a large ancient Greek bronze vessel made around 530 BC for mixing wine and water. It stands 1.63 meters high, weighs over 200 kilograms, and holds approximately 1,100 liters. It was found in the burial of a Celtic woman in what is now France, far from its place of manufacture.
The archaic smile is an expression found on Greek statues after about 575 BC, applied to both male and female figures. It has no specific emotional appropriateness to the person or situation depicted and is thought to have been a device to give the figures a distinctively human characteristic. It appears on works including the Lady of Auxerre and Torso of Hera from the Early Archaic period.
Johann Joachim Winckelmann was the first scholar to sharply distinguish ancient Greek art from Etruscan and Roman art. His books Thoughts on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture, published in 1750, and History of Ancient Art, published in 1764, established the framework and defined periods within Greek art that continue to influence scholarship today.