Short answers, pulled from the story.
Anatolia extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west, with the Black Sea defining its northern boundary. The westernmost protrusion reaches into the Mediterranean while the Turkish Straits mark the northwestern limit.
Human habitation in Anatolia dates back to the Paleolithic period. Neolithic settlements such as Çatalhöyük emerged around 7000 BCE as one of the most advanced sites.
Alexander the Great conquered the Anatolian peninsula from the Achaemenid Persian Empire in 334 BCE. He restored democracy in the Greek cities and was greeted as a liberator by the local population.
The Battle of Manzikert occurred in 1071 enabling Seljuk Turks to establish a foothold in the region. Within ten years following that battle Seljuk Turks migrated over large areas of Anatolia.
Fewer than 5000 Greeks remain in Anatolia today after the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Estimates suggest about two million Greeks died under Ottoman Turkish authorities between 1894 and 1924.