Short answers, pulled from the story.
The American Revolution began with simmering resentment after the French and Indian War ended in 1763. The conflict started as a rebellion demanding reform when the British Empire imposed new taxes and policies of control on the Thirteen Colonies to compensate for war debts.
George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress in 1775. The Congress acted as the provisional government and established the army to defend colonial rights against British rule.
The Second Continental Congress unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence on the 4th of July 1776. Thomas Jefferson drafted the document which was presented by the Committee of Five and adopted at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia.
The Siege of Yorktown ended in October 1781 when the British surrendered their second invading army to the combined French and Continental armies. This decisive victory led King George III and the Fox, North coalition to negotiate the cessation of colonial rule.
The Articles of Confederation were fully ratified on the 1st of March 1781, dissolving the Continental Congress. The Constitution was ratified in 1788 and took effect in 1789, followed by the ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791.