Short answers, pulled from the story.
The American Physical Society was founded on the 20th of May, 1899. Thirty-six physicists gathered at Columbia University for that purpose, declaring a mission to advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics.
The American Physical Society publishes 17 international research journals, along with an open-access online news and commentary website called Physics. Its journals include Physical Review Letters, Physical Review X, and Reviews of Modern Physics.
The APS co-sponsors workshops that reach nearly half of all new physics and astronomy faculty in the United States. It also runs the Physics Teacher Education Coalition jointly with the American Association of Physics Teachers, and operates outreach programs including the educational website PhysicsCentral.
The APS Bridge Program is an initiative to increase the number of underrepresented minority students who earn doctoral degrees in physics. It designates doctoral and master's degree-granting institutions as Bridge Sites and provides them with National Science Foundation funding to support post-baccalaureate students through coursework, mentoring, research, application coaching, and GRE preparation.
Einstein@Home is a distributed computing project that lets computer users contribute their machines' idle processing power to physics research. The APS initiated it in 2005 during the World Year of Physics, a celebration of the centennial of Albert Einstein's annus mirabilis, and it has continued running since.
In the summer of 2005, a majority of APS members who responded to an electronic poll said they preferred the name American Physics Society over American Physical Society. A name change was proposed during that year's leadership election, but the APS Executive Board ultimately abandoned it for legal reasons.