Short answers, pulled from the story.
Allen Newell held a bachelor's degree in physics when he moved to Princeton University in 1949. He enrolled as a graduate student to study mathematics during these early academic years.
The Logic Theorist program was developed by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon in 1956. It became one of the earliest true artificial intelligence programs ever created after they partnered with programmer J. C. Shaw.
Allen Newell worked at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica California starting in 1950. He joined a group that studied Air Force logistics problems and collaborated on theories about organizational structures.
Allen Newell died on the 19th of July 1992 while refining ideas for a cognitive architecture known as Soar. His final efforts focused on developing this theoretical framework which included publishing a unified theory of cognition in 1990.
Researchers gathered informally at the Dartmouth conference in 1956 to consider the birth of artificial intelligence as a distinct field. Allen Newell presented the Logic Theorist program alongside Herbert A. Simon and J. C. Shaw during this gathering.