Short answers, pulled from the story.
Albrecht Dürer was born in Nuremberg on the 21st of May 1471 and died there on the 6th of April 1528 at the age of fifty-six. His father was a Hungarian-born goldsmith who had settled in Nuremberg by 1455.
Dürer introduced classical motifs and the depiction of the nude into Northern European art, drawing on his contacts with Italian artists and German humanists. His theoretical treatises on mathematics, linear perspective, and human proportion further shaped how Northern artists understood and applied Renaissance ideas.
Emperor Maximilian I became Dürer's principal patron from 1512. Maximilian commissioned major works including The Triumphal Arch, printed from 192 separate woodblocks, and a decorated imperial prayer book.
Dürer published the Four Books on Measurement in Nuremberg in 1525, the first book for adults on mathematics written in German, later cited by Galileo and Kepler. He also published a work on city fortifications in 1527. The Four Books on Human Proportion appeared posthumously in 1528.
Dürer made his 1515 rhinoceros woodcut without ever seeing the animal. He worked from a written description and a sketch produced by another artist after an Indian rhinoceros arrived in Lisbon. The image remained in use in some German school science textbooks centuries after it was made.
Dürer's writings show sympathy with Luther's ideas. In his 1520 diary he expressed a wish to draw Luther and engrave his portrait as a memorial. He received Luther's Babylonian Captivity from Cornelius Grapheus in 1520, and he may have had a role in the Nuremberg City Council's adoption of Lutheran services in March 1525.