Short answers, pulled from the story.
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity. His mass-energy equivalence formula has been called "the world's most famous equation," and he also made important contributions to quantum theory.
Albert Einstein was born on the 14th of March 1879 in Ulm, a subject of the Kingdom of Wurttemberg in the German Empire. He died on the 18th of April 1955 in Princeton Hospital at the age of 76, after refusing surgery for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Albert Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect." The award was made in 1922, and the citation did not assent to his idea of the particulate nature of light.
In 1905, Albert Einstein published four papers in the journal Annalen der Physik covering the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, the special theory of relativity, and the equivalence of mass and energy. The year is celebrated as a miracle year for physics, likened to Isaac Newton's epiphanies of 1666.
In July 1939, Albert Einstein signed a letter with physicist Leo Szilard to President Franklin D. Roosevelt warning that German scientists might build an atomic bomb and urging American nuclear research, work later carried out as the Manhattan Project. In 1954 he called signing it "one great mistake in my life," though he cited the danger that Germany would build one first.
Albert Einstein left Germany after Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, when the Gestapo raided his Berlin apartment, new laws barred Jews from university positions, and his works were burned by the German Student Union. On the 28th of March 1933 he surrendered his passport in Antwerp and renounced his German citizenship, later settling at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.