Short answers, pulled from the story.
Tariq ibn-Ziyad landed at Gibraltar on the 30th of April 711 with an army of 7,000 men. This force crossed into the Iberian Peninsula to intervene in a Visigothic civil war and defeated King Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete on the 19th of July 711.
Abd al-Rahman III declared himself caliph in 929 marking the start of the Caliphate period. Córdoba became one of the largest cities in the world with over half a million inhabitants during this era surpassing Constantinople as the most prosperous city globally.
A ruinous civil war between 1009 and 1013 caused the Caliphate of Córdoba to collapse. In 1013 invading Berbers sacked Córdoba massacring its inhabitants and burning the palace complex which led to the territory fragmenting into independent mini-states known as taifas.
Eleven thousand eight hundred thirty-one known scholars were active between the eighth and fifteenth centuries producing thirteen thousand seven hundred thirty works. These scholars made significant advances in medicine astronomy mathematics and agronomy including the work of Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi and Ibn al-Baytar.
Muhammad XII formally surrendered Granada to Catholic Monarchs on the 2nd of January 1492 ending the final war to conquer the region. By this time Muslims in Castile numbered half a million people with one hundred thousand dying or being enslaved while two hundred thousand emigrated leaving two hundred thousand as residual population.