Short answers, pulled from the story.
Sargon of Akkad founded the Akkadian Empire and originally worked as a gardener tasked with clearing irrigation canals. He later became a cupbearer to the king of Kish named Ur-Zababa before seizing power to forge the world's first known empire.
The Akkadian Empire collapsed in the 22nd century BC, within 180 years of its founding, due to internal unrest and severe environmental stress. A major drought associated with the 4.2-kiloyear climate event led to crop failures, famine, and population displacement that made the empire vulnerable to invasion by the Gutians.
Enheduanna was the daughter of Sargon of Akkad and served as the high priestess of the moon god Nanna at Ur. She is historically significant as the first known named author in history, having written works like the Exaltation of Inanna and the Temple Hymns in the first person voice.
Sargon of Akkad reigned for approximately 56 years and defeated the Sumerian king Lugal-zage-si at the Battle of Uruk to unify the region. His military expeditions were unprecedented in scale, reaching as far as Cyprus and establishing a network of provincial governors to maintain control.
Naram-Sin, the grandson of Sargon, declared himself a living god and adopted the title King of the Four Quarters to elevate himself to the ranks of the dingir. This shift shattered centuries of Mesopotamian tradition where kings were merely representatives of the people before the gods.
Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as a spoken language somewhere around 2000 BC, though Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary, and scientific language until the 1st century AD.