Short answers, pulled from the story.
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase equipped with a full-length flight deck and hangar facilities for supporting, arming, deploying and recovering shipborne aircraft. These vessels allow nations to project power far from home without depending on local airfields or risking diplomatic complications by trespassing on sovereign territory.
The first experimental take-off of a heavier-than-air fixed-wing airplane from a ship occurred on the 14th of November 1910, when Eugene Burton Ely flew a Curtiss Pusher airplane from the deck of the cruiser USS Birmingham anchored off Norfolk Navy Base in Virginia.
The United States maintains 11 large nuclear-powered fleet carriers as of 2024, with each carrier carrying around 80 fighters and a deck space that exceeds the combined total of all other nations.
The angled flight deck was invented by Royal Navy Captain Dennis Cambell to allow for simultaneous launch and recovery of naval jets that require higher speeds and modified carrier designs.
China's Type 003 carrier, the Fujian, was commissioned on the 5th of November 2025 at the Sanya Naval Base after being under construction between 2015 and 2016 and completed in June 2022.
The primary function of the angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircraft parked forward.