Short answers, pulled from the story.
Ahmad Shah Bahadur was born on the 23rd of December 1725 to Emperor Muhammad Shah and his consort Qudsia Begum. He inherited a throne already crumbling under the weight of internal decay and external threats.
Ahmad Shah Bahadur died in 1775 at the age of 49 during the reign of Emperor Shah Alam II. He was imprisoned at the Salimgarh Fort after being blinded by Imad-ul-Mulk and remained there for the rest of his life.
The conflict ended when a Durrani wagon filled with gunpowder exploded, creating a chaotic victory for the Mughals. This event occurred in April 1748 near Sirhind against a Durrani force of 12,000 cavalry led by Ahmad Shah Abdali.
The real power lay not with the emperor but with the eunuch Javed Khan, who was given an army of 5,000 and effectively became the regent alongside the emperor's mother. Javed Khan used his authority to arrest commanders and drive out imperial Afghan factions.
After the Battle of Sikandarabad in 1754, Imad-ul-Mulk and his allies routed the emperor's army and imprisoned both the emperor and his mother. Imad-ul-Mulk later blinded Ahmad Shah Bahadur and imprisoned him at the Salimgarh Fort where he stayed until his death.