Short answers, pulled from the story.
Agrarianism is a social and political philosophy that advocates for rural development, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization. It holds that farming is the only occupation offering total independence and self-sufficiency, and that cultivation of the soil carries a positive spiritual good, producing virtues of honor, self-reliance, and moral integrity in those who practice it.
Jefferson described farmers as the most valuable citizens and the truest republicans, and built his democratic ideals around the yeoman farmer as a model of independence. He feared that industrialization would create wage slaves whose votes could be manipulated by employers, and advocated for a graduated income tax and tariffs on imported goods, noting in an 1811 letter that the rich alone use imported articles and thus bear the burden of federal taxation.
The Great Chinese Famine began in 1959, lasted three years, and killed an estimated 15 to 30 million people. It resulted from the Great Leap Forward's forced collectivization, failed crop experiments, irrigation systems built without engineering input, and the Four Pests Campaign, which eliminated predator birds and caused an insect population explosion that devastated harvests. Local officials falsified production reports rather than admit failure, preventing any corrective response.
Emiliano Zapata was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution who fought on behalf of Mexican peasants he saw as exploited by the landowning classes. He published the Plan of Ayala, which called for significant land reform and redistribution. Though Zapata was killed and his forces crushed, his ideas survived as Zapatismo and later as the guiding ideology of the EZLN, which emerged in Chiapas in 1994.
The Khmer Rouge of Cambodia, heavily funded by the People's Republic of China, modeled their collectivization campaign, called Maha Lout Ploh, directly on Mao's Great Leap Forward. Pol Pot sought to create an entirely agrarian socialist society by forcibly relocating 100,000 people from cities into communes and returning the country to what he called Year Zero. The campaign contributed to the Cambodian genocide and was ended only when Vietnam invaded and toppled the Khmer Rouge.
The Green International, formally called the International Agrarian Bureau, was an organization active in the 1920s and 1930s based on peasant parties in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Serbia. It functioned primarily as an information center spreading agrarian ideas and never launched significant activities. It positioned itself against socialism on the left and the large landowner class on the right.