Short answers, pulled from the story.
Human habitation in what is now Afghanistan dates to the Middle Paleolithic era, with archaeological evidence suggesting people lived there at least 50,000 years ago. Early farming communities emerged around 7,000 years ago, making this region one of the earliest centers of agriculture in the world.
Ahmad Shah Durrani launched campaigns into Khorasan between 1750 and 1755, eventually forming the Durrani Empire that became Afghanistan's modern state foundation. The modern state of Afghanistan began with the Durrani Empire in the 18th century under Ahmad Shah Durrani.
On the 9th of September 2001, Ahmad Shah Massoud was assassinated by two Arab suicide attackers in Panjshir Valley. This event occurred before the United States invaded in October 2001 to remove the Taliban after they refused to hand over Osama bin Laden.
The country's highest point is Noshaq at 7,492 meters above sea level. Most highest points are in the east, consisting of fertile mountain valleys often considered part of the Roof of the World.
Following the Treaty of Rawalpindi on the 19th of August 1919, Emir Amanullah declared Afghanistan a sovereign and fully independent state. He moved to end traditional isolation by establishing diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and Weimar Republic.