Questions about Advanced driver-assistance system

Short answers, pulled from the story.

When was the first patent for cruise control granted to Ralph Teetor?

The patent for the speed control device known as cruise control was granted in 1950. This followed an application filed by engineer Ralph Teetor in 1948.

What technologies do ADAS systems use to monitor vehicle surroundings?

Advanced driver-assistance systems rely on inputs from automotive imaging, LiDAR, radar, image processing, computer vision, telemetry, and in-car networking. Additional data sources include telematics information from other vehicles or infrastructure.

Which car brands offer Level 2 autonomy features such as Pilot Assist or ProPILOT Assist?

Major car brands with Level 2 features include Lexus, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Tesla, Volvo, Tata, Citroën, Ford, Hyundai, Kia, Mazda, Nissan, Peugeot, Mahindra and Subaru. Specific implementations include Full Self-Driving from Tesla, Pilot Assist from Volvo, OpenPilot from Comma.ai and ProPILOT Assist from Nissan.

When did the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration issue Standing General Order 2021-01 regarding crash reporting?

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration issued Standing General Order 2021-01 on the 29th of June 2021. The order was subsequently amended on the 5th of August 2021 to clarify reporting requirements for crashes involving ADS or Level 2 ADAS.

What is the trolley problem in relation to autonomous vehicle programming?

The trolley problem asks that under a situation which the trolley's brake does not work and there are five people ahead of the trolley, the driver may go straight killing the five persons ahead or turn to the side track killing the one pedestrian. This ethical dilemma must be addressed by the programming of self-driving cars using artificial intelligence approaches.