Short answers, pulled from the story.
Adolf Heusinger was a German military officer who served as Operations Chief within the German Army High Command from 1938 to 1944. He assisted in planning the invasions of Poland, Denmark, Norway, France, and the Low Countries, and briefly served as acting Chief of the General Staff in June 1944.
Heusinger was present at the Wolf's Lair on the 20th of July 1944 when Claus von Stauffenberg's bomb exploded; he was standing next to Hitler at the time. He was arrested and interrogated by the Gestapo but released in October 1944 after no evidence connected him directly to the conspiracy, and the People's Court cleared him.
Heusinger became a military advisor to Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in 1950 and, after the Bundeswehr was established in 1955, returned to active service. In June 1957 he was promoted to full general and became the first Inspector General of the Bundeswehr, serving until March 1961.
Heusinger served as Chairman of the NATO Military Committee in Washington, D.C., from April 1961 until his retirement in 1964.
The Soviet government claimed that Heusinger bore responsibility for the systematic killings of civilians in Belarus during antipartisan operations in the occupied Soviet territories during World War II. Soviet publications such as Sovetskaia Belorussiia highlighted that he never faced prosecution in the West.
The Schnez-Truppe was a secret army that veterans of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS attempted to establish in the early 1950s to address the threat posed by East Germany. Documents released by the German Federal Intelligence Service in 2014 suggested Heusinger may have been part of this organisation.