Short answers, pulled from the story.
Abu Dhabi was established as a settlement in 1761 after Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan discovered fresh water near the coast. The Bani Yas tribe, specifically the Al Bu Falah subsection, built the first homes including a fort and twenty houses.
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was appointed as the first President of the UAE upon its formation on the 2nd of December 1971. He led the union of six emirates to establish a federal government structure.
Oil was discovered in the Umm Shaif field in 1958 using the marine drilling platform called ADMA Enterprise at a depth of about 3,000 meters. This discovery followed a concession agreement signed by Petroleum Development Trucial Coast Ltd with Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan Al Nahyan on the 5th of January 1936.
Construction of the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque began on the 5th of November 1996 involving more than 3,000 workers and 38 contracting companies. The internal prayer halls opened in December 2007 capable of safely containing approximately 41,000 people.
By July 2019, Abu Dhabi allocated $163 million to finance global entertainment partners as part of diversifying the economy away from oil dependence. This initiative supported efforts to reduce reliance on energy sector contributions which had previously dominated GDP.