Who was Abraham Darby II and why is he important to the Industrial Revolution?
Abraham Darby II (the 12th of May 1711 - the 31st of March 1763) was an English ironmaster and Quaker from Coalbrookdale, Shropshire. He is important for demonstrating that coke pig iron could be used as feedstock in finery forges, a key step toward the large-scale expansion of iron production that defines the Industrial Revolution.
What did Abraham Darby II invent or pioneer?
Abraham Darby II and his partners introduced the use of coke pig iron as feedstock for finery forges, which converted pig iron into wrought iron. This extended his father's earlier breakthrough in using coke pig iron in foundries and helped remove a major constraint on iron production.
What were Horsehay and Ketley Furnaces and who built them?
Horsehay and Ketley Furnaces were ironworks built by Abraham Darby II and his partners in the late 1750s in England. They formed a significant part of the output using coke pig iron as forge feedstock, putting the new technique into industrial-scale practice.
How did the Coalbrookdale Company under Abraham Darby II contribute to steam engines?
The Coalbrookdale Company used iron to replace the more expensive brass in manufacturing cylinders for Thomas Newcomen's steam engines. This helped reduce the cost of deploying those engines, which were widely used to pump water from mines.
Who were the wives and children of Abraham Darby II?
Abraham Darby II married firstly Margaret Smith, who died in 1740, with whom he had three children including Hannah, who married Richard Reynolds. His second wife was the Quaker minister Abiah Maude, with whom he had thirteen children, though only four survived, including Abraham Darby III.
When did Abraham Darby II die and how old was he?
Abraham Darby II died on the 31st of March 1763 at the age of 51. He was born on the 12th of May 1711 in Coalbrookdale, Shropshire.