Short answers, pulled from the story.
Stanley Kubrick directed the 1971 film A Clockwork Orange. He secured the rights to Anthony Burgess's novel after earlier attempts by Ken Russell and others failed due to issues with the British Board of Film Classification.
The film A Clockwork Orange was released in the United Kingdom on the 13th of January 1972. Warner Bros withdrew the film from British cinemas in 1973 at Kubrick's request following allegations of copycat violence.
The missing chapter contained a positive ending where Alex matures and outgrows his sociopathy. Stanley Kubrick found this optimistic conclusion unconvincing and inconsistent with the rest of the story so he read only the shortened US edition first.
Actor Malcolm McDowell scratched his cornea during the Ludovico technique scene and was temporarily blinded while a real physician dropped saline solution into his forced-open eyes. McDowell also cracked some ribs while filming the humiliation stage show sequence.
The film A Clockwork Orange was banned in Ireland on the 10th of April 1973 and Warner Bros decided against appealing the decision. It passed uncut for cinema on the 13th of December 1999 after remaining difficult to see for decades.