Questions about 1991 Russian presidential election
Short answers, pulled from the story.
When was the 1991 Russian presidential election held?
The 1991 Russian presidential election was held on the 12th of June 1991. It followed a referendum on the 14th of March 1991 in which Russians voted to create the offices of president and vice president and hold direct elections to fill them.
Who won the 1991 Russian presidential election?
Boris Yeltsin won the 1991 Russian presidential election with 58.6% of the vote, enough to secure victory in the first round without a runoff. Official results were certified on the 19th of June, and Yeltsin was inaugurated on the 10th of July 1991 as the first popularly elected leader in Russian history.
How did the Communist Party try to stop Yeltsin in the 1991 Russian presidential election?
Communist leaders fielded multiple candidates, hoping a crowded field would pull Yeltsin's vote below the 50% threshold required for a first-round win and force a runoff. Nikolai Ryzhkov was the party's official nominee, but three other Communist Party members also entered as self-nominated candidates to broaden the vote split.
What role did the Soviet military play in the 1991 Russian presidential election?
On the 30th of April 1991, Colonel General Nikolai Shlyaga of the Main Political Administration directed that body's representatives to work to influence the election's outcome. In early June, the Defense Ministry issued a directive in Arkhangelsk forbidding pro-Yeltsin campaigning among military units while permitting pro-Ryzhkov activity to continue.
What were the main forms of media bias in the 1991 Russian presidential election?
The Soviet government-run ORT television channel devoted 24 hours to Yeltsin's candidacy, almost all of it hostile, while giving Vladimir Zhirinovsky just 2.5 hours of airtime. Pravda published a front-page attack calling Yeltsin 'disloyal, authoritarian and incompetent' two days before the election. RTR, run by the RSFSR government, was one of the few outlets to cover Yeltsin favorably.
What were the long-term consequences of the 1991 Russian presidential election?
The election left the scope of presidential power unresolved. A committee tasked with revising the Russian Constitution deadlocked and by November 1991 presented two competing drafts, one backed by Yeltsin's allies and one by his opponents, neither of which was approved. This unresolved conflict between presidential and legislative authority contributed to the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis.