Short answers, pulled from the story.
Operation El Dorado Canyon was the code name for U.S. air strikes against Libya carried out on the 15th of April 1986. The attack lasted approximately twelve minutes and dropped 60 tons of munitions on targets in Tripoli and Benghazi.
The strikes were ordered in retaliation for the bombing of the La Belle nightclub in West Berlin on the 5th of April 1986, which killed three people including two U.S. servicemen. Reagan blamed Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi based on cable transcripts obtained from Libyan agents in East Germany.
Air Force captains Fernando L. Ribas-Dominicci and Paul F. Lorence were killed when their F-111, callsign Karma-52, was shot down over the Gulf of Sidra. Libya returned one body in 1989, identified through dental records as Ribas-Dominicci's; Libya denied holding the remains of Lorence.
France, Spain, and Italy refused to grant overflight rights or allow use of their bases, forcing the Air Force jets to fly around France and Spain, over Portugal, and through the Straits of Gibraltar. The French refusal alone added 2,800 kilometers, requiring four aerial refueling operations on a 6,000-mile round trip.
No. Over thirty F-117 Nighthawk stealth aircraft were on standby for the mission, but Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger cancelled the stealth option within an hour of the planned launch, fearing the secret aircraft would be compromised. The F-117 was not publicly revealed until 1988.
Pan Am Flight 103 was bombed over Lockerbie, Scotland, on the 21st of December 1988, killing all 259 people aboard and 11 on the ground; the attack is considered part of the pattern of Libyan-connected retaliation for the 1986 strikes. Libya accepted responsibility in 2002 and paid $2.7 billion to compensate families of the 270 victims.