Short answers, pulled from the story.
A major uprising in Iran damaged oil infrastructure, triggering energy shortages across the United States during the spring and summer of 1979. This event led to long gas lines that had not been seen since just after the 1973 Yom Kippur War.
Ronald Reagan won the nomination on the first round at the 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit, Michigan, in July. He chose George H. W. Bush as his running mate after defeating Senate minority leader Howard Baker and other candidates.
Jimmy Carter was renominated with 2,129 votes to 1,146 for Ted Kennedy at the party's convention in New York in August. Carter entered the convention with 60 percent of the delegates pledged to him on the first ballot after winning 24 of 34 primaries.
The final debate featuring only Carter and Reagan was rescheduled for October 28 in Cleveland, Ohio, and ranked among the highest ratings of any television program in the previous decade with 80.6 million viewers. Debate topics included the Iranian hostage crisis and nuclear arms policy.
The election was held on the 4th of November 1980 when Ronald Reagan defeated the Carter-Mondale ticket by almost 10 percentage points in the popular vote. The electoral college vote resulted in 489 votes representing 44 states for Reagan and 49 for Carter representing six states and Washington, D.C.