— Ch. 1 · Tolkien Philologist Author —
Sound and language in Middle-earth.
~4 min read · Ch. 1 of 7
J. R. R. Tolkien was both a philologist and an author of high fantasy. He remarked to the poet Harvey Breit that he was a philologist and all his work was philological. He explained to his American publisher Houghton Mifflin that this meant his work was fundamentally linguistic in inspiration. The invention of languages was the foundation for him. The stories were made rather to provide a world for the languages than the reverse. To him, a name came first and the story followed. Human sub-creation mirrored divine creation as thought and sound together brought into being a new world.
Artistic Literary Movements
Around 1900 there were multiple artistic and literary movements that stressed language and the sound of words. These included Italian Futurism, British Vorticism, and the Imagism of Ezra Pound. Gino Severini's 1912 Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin incorporated words like Bowling and POLKA in its imagery. Nonsense poets such as Lewis Carroll with his Jabberwocky sought to convey meaning using invented words. Edward Lear also sought to convey meaning using invented words during the late 19th century. These movements suggested that meaning could be conveyed even with words that were apparently nonsense.Aesthetic Pleasure Sound
The linguist Allan Turner writes that the sound pattern of a language was the source of a special aesthetic pleasure for Tolkien. In his essay about constructing languages, A Secret Vice, Tolkien wrote that the person inventing a language must address the fitting of notion to oral symbol. The pleasure in such invention derives mainly from the contemplation of the relation between sound and notion. He stated that he was personally more interested perhaps in word-form in itself than in any other department. This focus on phonetic fitness placed him at odds with conventional linguistic theory.