— Ch. 1 · Origins And Planning —
Pan-European Picnic.
~4 min read · Ch. 1 of 6
The idea of opening the border at a ceremony came from Ferenc Mészáros and Otto von Habsburg in June 1989. Mészáros was a member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, while Habsburg served as President of the Paneuropean Union. They brought this proposal to Miklós Németh, who was then the Hungarian Prime Minister. The local organization in Sopron took over the planning duties for the event. Contacts were made via Habsburg and Imre Pozsgay, the Hungarian Minister of State. The Austrian Paneuropean Union and the MDF distributed leaflets throughout Hungary to advertise the gathering. These patrons viewed the planned event as an opportunity to test Mikhail Gorbachev's reaction to an opening of the Iron Curtain.
Political Context Of 1989
In 1989, Central Europe remained under dictatorial governments demanding democratic elections and freedom of speech. The Iron Curtain stood as a dominant factor in the movement to unite Europe. While East Germany maintained a hard-line Communist power structure, Hungary adopted a reform-oriented approach. Supported by Mikhail Gorbachev's new policies, the reformist Communist countries' leadership accepted the necessity for change. Non-governmental organizations played a sizable role in the movement towards a democratic system. Round-table discussions began in Warsaw in February and concluded with the Polish Round Table Agreement on April 4. Solidarity's victory surpassed all expectations during that year. Department III knew since July 10 that an event was planned at the border based on a suggestion from Otto Habsburg. He informed the department about preparations for this specific event on July 31.