— Ch. 1 · Mission Genesis And Selection —
New Horizons.
~6 min read · Ch. 1 of 6
In August 1992, JPL scientist Robert Staehle called Clyde Tombaugh to ask for permission to visit his planet. Tombaugh later remembered the conversation by saying he told Staehle he was welcome to it, though the trip would be long and cold. That single phone call sparked a series of proposed Pluto missions that eventually became New Horizons. Stamatios Tom Krimigis formed the team with Alan Stern in December 2000 as one of many entrants in the New Frontiers Program competition. The proposal from the Applied Physics Laboratory and Southwest Research Institute stood out because they had recently developed NEAR Shoemaker which successfully entered orbit around asteroid 433 Eros earlier that year. In November 2001, New Horizons was officially selected for funding as part of the New Frontiers program. However, NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe effectively canceled the mission by not including it in the agency's budget for 2003. Ed Weiler prompted Stern to lobby for funding so the mission could appear in the Planetary Science Decadal Survey compiled by the United States National Research Council. The survey published in summer 2002 placed New Horizons at the top of medium-size category projects ahead of missions to the Moon and even Jupiter. Funding finally secured following the report allowed Stern's team to start building the spacecraft and its instruments with a planned launch in January 2006.
Launch And Jupiter Gravity Assist
The probe lifted off from Pad 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on the 19th of January 2006 at 19:00 UTC aboard an Atlas V rocket. The Centaur second stage ignited at 19:04:43 UTC and burned for five minutes and twenty-five seconds before reigniting at 19:32 UTC for nine minutes and forty-seven seconds. A third stage added to increase heliocentric speed made this the first launch of the Atlas V 551 configuration which uses five solid rocket boosters. The vehicle weighed 578,000 pounds at lift-off and had been slightly damaged when Hurricane Wilma swept across Florida on the 24th of October 2005. One of the solid rocket boosters was hit by a door so engineers replaced it with an identical unit rather than requalifying the original. The launch was dedicated to the memory of Daniel Sarokon who space program officials described as one of the most influential people in history. New Horizons took only nine hours to pass the Moon's orbit after leaving Earth. On the 28th of February 2007 the spacecraft made its closest approach to Jupiter at 05:43:40 UTC when it was 230,000 kilometers from the planet. The flyby increased New Horizons speed by four kilometers per second accelerating the probe to a velocity relative to the Sun that shortened its voyage to Pluto by three years.