Tacitus wrote the Histories thirty years after the events of AD 69. The surviving text covers only the first four books and part of the fifth book, ending in early AD 70. This period began with the death of Nero and the rapid succession of Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. These four men claimed imperial power within a single year through civil war. The mode of their accession showed that an emperor could be chosen anywhere legions were amassed, not just in Rome. Tacitus described Galba as a feeble old man who chose a successor unable to control the troops due to his severity. Nerva later adopted Trajan to consolidate power and keep the army out of politics. Only the first four books and the first 26 chapters of the fifth book have survived today.
Ideological Framework And Politics
In the first book of the work, a speech put in the mouth of Galba reveals Tacitus' political position. Galba's pure respect for formality rendered him unable to control events. In contrast, Nerva adopted Trajan to keep the legions unified and prevent disorder among them. Tacitus believed only the principatus or monarchical emperor could maintain peace and fidelity of the armies. He argued that after the Battle of Actium, unification of power was necessary to keep peace. The prince ought not to be a tyrant like Domitian nor a fool like Galba. He should be able to keep the imperium safe while saving the prestige and dignity of the Senate. Tacitus considered the rule of adoptive Emperors the only possible solution to the problems of Empire.Narrative Style And Technique