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Schools of economic thought

  • New classical macroeconomicsThe 1973 oil crisis broke the Keynesian consensus in Western economics.
  • Keynesian economicsRichard Nixon said in 1971 that he was now a Keynesian in economics. He was a Republican president.
  • Austrian school of economicsThe name "Austrian school" began as an insult from a German economist. Gustav von Schmoller coined it in 1883.
  • Planned economyIn 1959, a Soviet engineer proposed a network of computers to run the economy.
  • Saltwater and freshwater economicsEconomists split into freshwater and saltwater camps because of geography, not water.
  • Feminist economicsNorway counted unpaid housework in its GDP, then dropped it in 1950. It wanted to match a new international standard.
  • Schools of economic thoughtSchools of economic thought are groups of thinkers who share a view of how economies function. One striking early voice belonged to a Finnish priest named Anders Chydenius, who lived from 1729-1803 and sat in parliament. In 1765 he…
  • Political economyPolitical economy got its name from a soldier-economist's 1615 book. Antoine de Montchrétien wrote it in France.
  • Ecological economicsIn 1997, a study valued the world's ecosystem at $33 trillion. Global GDP that year was $27 trillion.
  • Marxian economicsKarl Marx predicted boom and bust cycles when no other major economist saw them as built into capitalism.
  • Economic historyEconomic history lost its own departments in the UK. Only the London School of Economics still keeps one.
  • Chicago school of economicsThe Chicago school of economics is not a building or a department. It is a way of thinking about prices.
  • Heterodox economicsKarl Marx and F.A. Hayek both count as heterodox economists. What unites them is what they reject, not what they share.
  • Steady-state economyA steady-state economy is one that stops growing on purpose. Economist Herman Daly made it a political program.

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